What is topology?

In networking, topology refers to the layout of a computer network.

Topology can be described either physically or logically.

Physical topology means the placement of the elements of the network, including the location of the devices or the layout of the cables.

Logical topology maps the flow of data, regardless of the physical layout.

Two networks could for example have completely different physical topologies and have the same logical topology, or vice versa.

What are the different topologies?